Uko u Rwanda rwayoboye Akanama gashinzwe umutekano ka Loni n’uko ruzongera kukayobora - Rwanda amakuru umutekano ubukungu imibereho

Ibihugu 15 bigize Akanama gashinzwe umutekano ka Loni bigenda bisimburana ku buyobozi bwako buri kwezi. Muri Nyakanga 2014, u Rwanda nirwo ruzaba rutahiwe kuyobora. Bizaba ari inshuro ya kabiri rufata uwo mwanya ukomeye nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize Uwungirije Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Loni, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yagiranye ikiganiro n’umunyamakuru wa IGIHE, Ange de la Victoire Dusabemungu, amusobanurira uko u Rwanda rubona ibyakozwe igihe rwari ruyoboye aka kanama ka mu mwaka ushize, anakomoza k’uko rwiteguye kongera kukayobora muri Nyakanga 2014.

Umwaka ushize ubwo u Rwanda rwari ruyoboye Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano byari ibintu bibaye ku nshuro ya mbere nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ; mwakwibutsa ibintu by’ingenzi byaranze icyo kivi cyari kiyobowe n’u Rwanda ?

Uwungirije Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Loni, Olivier Nduhungirehe

Nibyo koko u Rwanda rwayoboye Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu kwezi kwa Mata 2013. Muri uko kwezi, haganiriwe ku ntambara n’amakimbirane birangwa mu bihugu no mu turere bikurikira : Côte d’Ivoire, Darfur (Sudani), Isiraheli na Palestine, Mali, Repubulika ya Afurika yo Hagati, Sahara y’Iburengerazuba, Siriya, Somaliya, Sudani na Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Yemeni. Inama kandi yaganiriye ku ngingo rusange (thematic debates) eshatu (3) zikurikira :

Inama yo kwirinda amakimbirane muri Afurika hagamijwe gukemura mu mizi ibibazo bitera intambara (prevention of conflict in Africa, addressing the root causes). Iyo yari inama nyamukuru ya perezidansi y’u Rwanda, ikaba yari inama yo mu rwego rw’Abaminisitiri b’Ububanyi n’Amahanga b’Ibihugu 15 bigize ako Kanama. Inama yateranye ku itariki ya 15 Mata 2013 ikaba yari iyobowe na Nyakubahwa Minisitiri Louise Mushikiwabo.

Inama ku ihohoterwa ry’abagore mu ntambara, yabaye ku itari ya 17 Mata 2013, nayo ikayoborwa na Nyakubahwa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane w’u Rwanda. Iyo nama yari igamije kongera kurebera hamwe uko icyo cyaha cyibasira inyoko-muntu cyaranduka burundu mu ntambara no mu yandi makimbirane. Muri iyo nama, Minisitiri Mushikiwabo yagize ati "Igihe kirageze ko isi ikora ibisumbye gukomeza kwamagana gusa, ahubwo igakora ibintu bifatika, hagashyirwaho ingamba n’uko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryazo bishobora kugenzurwa, hagamijwe kubaka isi itongera kubona aho umubiri w’umugore uba ikibuga cy’intambara."

Inama ku ngingo yo kubaka amahoro mu bihugu bivuye mu ntambara (post-conflict peacebuilding), yateranye ku itariki ya 25 Mata 2013. Muri iyo nama, haganiriwe kuri raporo y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, mu rwego rwo gukomeza gushyigikira ibihugu bivuye mu ntambara ngo byubake amahoro arambye, ku buryo bidasubira mu makimbirane.

Mu kwezi kwa Mata 2013 kandi, habaye Umwiherero Ngarukamwaka hagati y’abagize Akanama k’Umutekano n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Baganiriye kuri gahunda z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zigamije kubungabunga umutekano (peacekeeping operations).

Mu myanzuro yagiye itorwa, yubahirijwe ite ?

Hatowe imyanzuro (resolutions) itatu, yose yatowe ku itariki ya 25 Mata 2013 : Umwanzuro 2099 wongerera manda gahunda y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Kamarampaka muri Sahara y’Iburengerazuba (MINURSO) kugeza ku itariki ya 30 Mata 2014 ; Umwanzuro 2100 ushyiraho Misiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yo kugarura amahoro muri Mali (MINUSMA) ; ndetse n’Umwanzuro 2101 wongerera igihe ibihano Côte d’ivoire isanzwe irimo, birimo ibijyanye no gukumirwa ku intwaro (arms embargo), gukumirwa ku by’amafaranga ndetse no kubuzwa gutembera mu mahanga (financial and travel ban). Iby’ingenzi byasabwe muri iyo myanzuro akenshi byagezweho.

Muri ya nama yo kwirinda amakimbirane nari navuze haruguru, inama yabaye ku itariki ya 15 Mata 2013, u Rwanda rwari rwateguye kandi Itangazo rya Perezida (Presidential Statement) rihamagarira gukemura mu mahoro amakimbirane muri Afurika binyuze mu miryango y’uturere, kandi hakurikijwe Umutwe wa VIII w’Itegeko-Shingiro ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Chapter VIII of the UN Charter).

Ukwezi gutaha u Rwanda ruzongera gusimbura u Burusiya kuri uwo mwanya ?

Ayo makuru niyo. Kuyobora Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bimara ukwezi, kandi bizenguruka mu bihugu byose uko ari cumi na bitanu, hakurikijwe inyuguti zibanza z’amazina y’ibihugu (alphabet). Muri Nyakanga rero, Rwanda izasimbura Russian Federation, iyobora Akanama muri uku kwezi kwa Kamena.

Ni ibihe bikorwa muzashyiramo ingufu muri kuriya kwezi u Rwanda ruzaba ruyoboye ?

Ntabwo gahunda y’ukwezi iremezwa neza kuko ikiganirwaho, ariko inama nyamukuru izaba ku kubungabunga umutekano, hakoreshejwe ubufatanye bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Imiryango y’Uturere (peacekeeping : regional partnerships and its evolution). Hazongera kandi kuganirwa ku ngingo yo kubaka amahoro mu bihugu bivuye mu ntambara (post-conflict peacebuilding).

Ese u Rwanda rwiteguye rute kongera kuyobora aka kanama ?

Imyiteguro iragenda neza ; kugeza ubu twakurikije gahunda twari twihaye.

Kuyobora aka kanama musanga ari irihe somo bikwiye guha Abanyarwanda n’Isi muri rusange ?

U Rwanda ruzayobora bwa kabiri Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Nyakanga 2014. Icyo gihe tuzaba twizihiza imyaka 20 u Rwanda rumaze rwibohoye. Iki ni ikimenyetso gikomeye ku Banyarwanda, kuko gituma twibuka uko amahanga, arimo Akanama k’Umutekano w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yateraranye u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994, maze igihugu kikabohorwa n’abana bacyo, bahagarariwe na FPR-Inkotanyi. Bivuze ko ibi bigomba gukomeza kutubera isomo. U Rwanda nubwo rimwe na rimwe rwakenera ubwisungane mpuzamahanga, ruzarengerwa kandi ruzazamurwa mbere na mbere n’amaboko y’abana barwo.

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